Review of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites for Outdoor Insulation

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Jun 3, 2014
Download
PDF
Statistic

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2014

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Ganga S.
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080
Moumita Naskar
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080
Prasenjit Biswas
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites have attracted wide interests in high voltage insulation due to their excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Among the new insulating materials extensively used as high-voltage outdoor insulation, silicone rubber (SIR) has received the most attention. Indeed, SIRs are gaining popularity as an effective counter-measure to handle the high voltage insulation problems. In recent times nano sized fillers (Nano fillers) have sought great deal of research scholars’ attention and has brought revolution in the polymer industry due to its better interaction with polymer. A relatively less quantity of nanofillers in comparison to micro filler is reported to achieve the required properties in SIR. In this review, the effectiveness of the most common nanofillers of SIR for dielectric applications along with various dispersion methods is presented. But numerous experimental investigations on nanocomposites have indicated a significant decrease in electrical, thermal, mechanical and surface properties, due to the agglomeration of nanofillers. Agglomeration can be reduced by using modified nanofillers & optimum quantity of nanofillers, high shear mixing, or by efficient filler dispersion methods but it is almost impossible to entirely eliminate this effect with the presently available technologies.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
S., G., Naskar, M., & Biswas, P. (2014). Review of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites for Outdoor Insulation. Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, 315–324. Retrieved from https://node6473.myfcloud.com/~geosocin/CPRI/index.php/pr/article/view/819

References

  1. S. Ganga, N. Vasudev, V. Asai Thambi, R.ShivakumaraAradhya and A.Sudhindra, “Impact of Ultra Violet Radiation on an Artificially Polluted Silicone Rubber during Inclined Plane Tracking Test”, in Centenary conference-EE, CCEE 2011, at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, pp.14-17, 2011.
  2. Xingyi Huang, Pingkai Jiang and Toshikatsu Tanaka, “A review of Dielectric Polymer Composites with High Thermal Conductivity” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine. Vol.27, No.4, pp.8-16, 2011.
  3. A. H. El-Hag, L. C. Simon, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney; “Erosion resistance of nano-filled silicone rubber” IEEE Trans. On Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 22-128, 2006.
  4. R. Hackem, “Outdoor HV Composite Polymeric Insulators”. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. Vol.6, No.5, pp. 557-585. 1999.
  5. J. P. Reynders, I. R. Jandrell, and S. M. Reynders, “Review of aging and recovery of silicone rubber insulation for outdoor use” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.620631, 1999.
  6. Jongsoo Kim, Manoj K. Chaudhury, Michael J. Owen, “Modeling hydrophobic recovery of electrically discharged polydimethylsiloxane elastomers” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 293, pp. 364–375, 2006.
  7. Homma, T. Kuroyagi. K. Izumi, C. L. Mirley, J. Ropnzello and S. Boggs, “Diffusion of Low Molecular Weight Siloxane from Bulk to Surface” IEEE Trans. On Dielectrics and. Electrical. Insulation,Vol. 6, No.3, pp.370375, 1999.
  8. Mohammad Amin, Mohammad Akbar and Salman Amin, “Hydrophobicity of silicone rubber used for outdoor insulation (an overview)” Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, Vol. 16, pp.10-26, 2007.
  9. H. Jahn, R. Barsch, E. Wendt, “The influence of temperature on the recovery of the hydrophobicity on silicone rubber surfaces” Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2000 Annual Report Conference on, Vol. 1, 242 – 24, 2000.
  10. T. Tanaka, “Dielectric nano composites with insulating properties. Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation” IEEE Transactions on. Vol. 12, Issue: 5, pp.914 – 928, 2005.
  11. A. Okada A., Usuki, “Twenty Year of Poymer-Clay Nanocomposites” Macro molecular Materials Engineering, 291, pp.1449-1476. 2006.
  12. D. H. Wagner, R. A. Vaia, “Nanocomposites: Issues at the interface” Materials Today 7, pp. 38-42, 2004.
  13. W. Shaowu, L. Xidong, C. Zixia, W. Xun, L. Zhi, Z. Yuanxiang, Y. Yu, W. Liming, G. Zhicheng, “Hydrophobicity Changing of Silicone Rubber Insulators in Service” 21, rue d’Artois, F-75008 Paris, 15 305 CIGRE Session, 2002.
  14. B. Venkatesulu, M. Joy Thomas, “Erosion resistance of alumina-filled silicone rubber nanocomposites” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 615-624, 2010.
  15. J. V. Vas, B. Venkatesulu, M. J. Thomas. Tracking and erosion resistance of silicone rubber nanocomposites under positive and negative dc voltages. Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, CEIDP Annual Report Conference on. 1 – 4, 2010.
  16. Ju-Na Hwang, Yong-Jun Park, Min-Hae Park, Kee-Joe Lim, “Influence of NanoATH on Electrical Performance of LSR for HVDC Insulation” International Journal of Electrical, Electronic Science and Engineering Vol. 8, No:2, pp.272-275, 2014.
  17. A. H. El-Hag, L. C. Simon, S. H. Jayaram, E. A. Cherney, “Erosion resistance of nano-filled silicone rubber” Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp.122 – 128, 2006.
  18. B. X. Du, Li Jie, “Electrified droplet on corona-charged surface of silicone rubber/ SiO2 nanocomposite. Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation” IEEE Transactions on. Vol. 19, Issue 6, pp.2073 – 2080, 2012.
  19. B. Venkatesulu, M. Joy Thomas, “Corona aging studies on silicone rubber nano composites, Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation” IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp.625 – 634, 2010.
  20. F. Madidi, G. Momen, M. Farzaneh, “Effect of filler concentration on dielectric properties of RTV silicone rubber/TiO2 nanocomposite” Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), IEEE, pp.272 – 275, 2013.
  21. Zhi-Min Dang, Yu-Juan Xia, Jun-Wei Zha, Jin-Kai Yuan, JinboBaic, “Preparation and dielectric properties of surface modified TiO2/silicone rubber nanocomposites” Materials Letters. Vol. 65, Issues 23–24, pp.3430–3432, 2011.
  22. E.A. Cherney,“Silicone rubber dielectrics modified by inorganic fillers for outdoor high voltage insulation applications” Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 12, Issue: 6, PP. 1108 1115, 2005.
  23. Y . Zhou, S.Wang, Y. Zhang, X. Jiang, D. Yi. Rheological properties of PDMS filled with CaCO3: The effect of filler particle size and concentration. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 101, Issue 5, 3395–3401, 2006.
  24. S. Mishra, N. G. Shimpi, A. D. Mali, “Influence of stearic acid treated nanoCaCO3 on the properties of silicone nanocomposites” Journal of Polymer Research, Vol. 18, Issue 6, pp.1715-1724, 2011.
  25. Z. M. Dang, B. Xia, S. H. Yao, M.J. Jiang, H. T. Song, L. Q. Zhang, D. Xie, “High-dielectric-permittivity high-elasticity three-component nanocomposites with low percolation threshold and low dielectric loss” Applied Physics Letter, 94, 042902 (2009).
  26. B. G. Babu, D. E. Selvaraj, R. Srinivas, B. G. Prakash, R. V. Prakash, E. Muthupandi, R. Balakumar, “Analysis of Relative Permittivity and Tan Delta Characteristics of Silicone Rubber Based Nano-composites” International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology. Vol. No.1, Issue No.5, pp.201-206, 2012.
  27. N Gharavi, M Razzaghi-Kashani1 and N Golshan-Ebrahimi “Effect of organoclay on the dielectric relaxation response of silicone rubber” Smart Materials and Structures, 19, 025002, 2010.
  28. Q. Kong, Y. Hu, L. Song, Y. Wang, Z. Chenand, W. Fan, “Influence of Fe-MMT on crosslinking and thermal degradation in silicone rubber/clay nanocomposites” Polymers for Advanced Technologies Vol. 17, Issue 6, pp. 463–467, 2006.
  29. T. J. Lewis, “Interfaces are the Dominant Feature of Dielectrics at the Nanometric Level” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.11, No.5, pp.739-753, 2004.
  30. C. Green, A. Vaughan, “NanodielectricsHow Much Do We Really Understand?” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol.24, No.4, pp.6-16, 2008.
  31. M. F. Frechette, M. L. Trudea, H. D. Alamdari and S. Boily, “Introductory Remarks on Nanodielectrics,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.11, No.5, pp.808-818, 2004.
  32. R.C. Smith, C. Liang, M. Landry, J.K. , Nelson, L.S. Schadler, “The Mechanisms Leading to the Useful Electrical Properties of Polymer Nanodielectrics,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.15,No.1,pp.187-196,2008.
  33. LanLei,WenXishan and CaiDengke, “ Corona Aging Tests of RTV and RTV Nanocomposite Materials,” 2004 International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Toulouse , France,Vol.2,pp.804-807,2004.
  34. A.H.EI-Hag, L.C.Simon, S.H.Jayaram and E.A.Cherney, “Erosion Resistance of Nano-filled Silicone Rubber,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.13, No.1, pp.122-128, 2006.
  35. L.H.Meyer, E.A.Cherney and S.H.Jayaram, “The Role of Inorganic Fillers in Silicone Rubber for Outdoor Insulation –Alumina Tri-Hydrate or Silica,” IEEE Electr.Insul. Mag., Vol.20, pp.13-21, 2004.
  36. Stephanie Ratzke and Josef Kindersberger, “Erosion Behaviour of Nano Filled Silicone Elastomers,” Proceeding of the XIV International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2005.
  37. Ko F, Gogotsi Y, Ali A, Naguib N, Ye H, Yang G, et al.,”electro spinning of continuous carbon nanotube-filled nanofiber yarns,” Adv. Mater; Vol.15, No.14, pp. 1161–5, 2003.
  38. X. Chen and K.E. Gonsalves, “Synthesis and Properties of an Aluminum Nitride/ Polyimide Nanocomposite Prepared by A Nonaqueous Process,” J. Mater. Res. Vol.12, pp. 1274–1286, 1997.
  39. M.Z.Rong, M.Q.Zhang and W.H.Ruan, “Surface Modification of Nanoscale Fillers for Improving Properties of Polymer Nanocomposite: a review, “ Materials Science and Technology, Vol.26, No.7, pp.787-796, 2006.
  40. A.W.Pacek,P.Ding and A.T.Utomo, “Effect of Energy Density , pH and Temperature on De-aggregation in Nano-particles/Water Suspensions in High Shear Mixer,” Power Technology,Vol.173,pp.203-210,2007.
  41. Rajesh Dave, Ram Gupta and Robert Pfeffer, “Deagglomeration and Mixing of Nano particles” NSF Science and Engineering Grantees Conference, 2006.
  42. Deuk Yong Lee, Kwang Jin Kim, Seokheo, Myung Hyun Lee, and BaeYeon Kim, “Application of an Equivalent Circuit Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Bending Actuator Loaded With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (M-CNT),” Key Engineering Materials , Vol.309-311, pp.593-596, 2006.
  43. S. Mende, F. Stenger, W. Peukert, J. Schweder, “Mechanical Production and Stabilization of Submicron Particles in Stirred Media,” Powder Technol. Vol.132,pp. 64-73,2003.
  44. Pukanszky. B and Fekete .E, “Aggregation tendency of particulate fillers: determination and consequences,” Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol.6, pp.313-322, 1998.
  45. A.H.EI-Hag, L.C.Simon, S.H.Jayaram and E.A.Cherney, “Erosion Resistance of Nanofilled Silicone Rubber,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.13, No.1, pp.122-128, 2006.
  46. P. Y. Chow and L. M. Gan, “Microemulsion Processing of Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol.4, pp.197-202, 2004.
  47. Isaias Ramirez, SheshaJayaram, Edward. A. Cherney and Mario Gauthier, “Erosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Silicone Nanocomposite Insulation,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.16, no,1, pp. 52-59,2009.
  48. Shanshan Bian, Jayaram, S.H., Cherney, E.A. “Use of electrospinning to disperse nanosilica into silicone rubber” Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp.1-4, 2010.