Review of Power Transformer Mechanical Condition Assessment Techniques

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Shubhangi Patil
B. E. Kushare

Abstract

Today’s trend of global electricity market has created a competitive environment in power industry. To reduce operational cost, optimize usage of critical equipments, to improve reliability and customer service, fast and enhanced diagnostic techniques are being developed and utilized in power industry. In recent years, transformer fault diagnosis has become an interesting research area.This paper presents the literature review done in the area of power transformer designs, failure causes and effects and on existing and new diagnostic techniques to generate the baseline for the development of mechanical condition assessment system. The survey has included the 90 technical reports and papers from CIGRE, IEEE transactions and conferences along with standards and books based on power transformer conditioning and monitoring. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze, generate real data based approach for development of enhanced and automated diagnostic system for mechanical faults detection.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Patil, S., & Kushare, B. E. (2013). Review of Power Transformer Mechanical Condition Assessment Techniques. Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, 381–392. Retrieved from https://node6473.myfcloud.com/~geosocin/CPRI/index.php/pr/article/view/877

References

  1. CIGRE, C. Bengtsson, “Status and trends in transformer monitoring”, IEEE transactions on power delivery, Vol 11, no. 3, july 1996
  2. CIGRE A2-209,”Condition assessment of medium power transformer using diagnostic methods”, 2008
  3. CIGRE WG A2.18, “Life management of power transformers” June 2003
  4. CIGRE WG 209, 2002, “The short circuit performance of power transformers”.
  5. CIGRE: H. Borsi, S. Suindarmann, “Enhanced Diagnosis of Power Transformers using On- and Off-line Methods:Results, Examples and Future Trends”, 2000
  6. CIGRE 2009, Kreatege Kruger, Viljeen Dierks, “ FRA Sensitivity for Fault Detection”, 2008
  7. J. Lapworth, Doble, “Transformer Condition Assessment by SFRA” 2003
  8. CIGRE WG A2.26 (342),”Mechanical Conditrion Assessment of Transformer Windings using Frequency Response Analysis”, 2008
  9. Ronaldo R. B. de Aquino, R.R.B.; Lira, M.M.S.; Filgueiras, T.; Ferreira, H.; Neto, O.N.; Silva, A.M.S.; Asfora, V.K, “A fuzzy system for detection of incipient fault in power transformers based on gas-in-oil analysis”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy systems, 2010
  10. Msiza, I.S.; Szewczyk, M.; Halinka, A.; Pretorius, J.C.; Sowa, P.; Marwala, T, “Neural networks on transformer fault detection evaluating the relevance of the input space parameters”, IEEE Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2011.
  11. Rahmat Allah Hooshmand, Moein Parastegari and Zohreh Forghani, “Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Approach for Simultaneous Diagnosis of the Type and Location of Faults in Power Transformers”, IEEE – DEIS Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2012
  12. Geo, Ning, “Diagnosis of DGA based on fuzzy and ANN method”, IEEE conference of Electrical insulating materials, Beiging, China, 1998.
  13. Yanming Tu, Zein, Qian, “DGA based insulation diagnosis of power transformer via ANN”, 6th International conference on properties and applications of dielectric materials, 2000
  14. A. Akbari, A. Setayeshmehr, H. Borsi, I. Fofana and E. Gockenbach,” Intelligent Agent-Based System Using Dissolved Gas Analysis to Detect Incipient Fault in Power Transformers”, IEEE DEIS Insulation Magzine, Vo. 26, no. 6 Nov-Dec. 2010
  15. Aradhana ray, “Application of signal processing techniques to condition monitoring of electrical equipment”, Sept. 2009
  16. J. A. Ebert, “Application considerations for variable volts per turn power transformers,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 9, no. 1, pp.240–248, Jan. 1994.
  17. Mehdi Bagheri, Mohammad Naderi, Tone Phung, “FRA vs. Short Circuit Impedance Measurement in Detection of Mechanical Defects within Large Power Transformer”, IEEE, 2012
  18. X. Cui and G. Zhang, “Automatic design of impedance in shell-form power transformer,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1822–1825, Jul. 2000.
  19. A. Lindblom, J. Isberg, and H. Bernhoff, “Calculating the coupling factor in a multilayer coaxial transformer with air core,” IEEE Trans Magn., vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 3244–3248, Sep. 2004.
  20. L. Xiaosong, W. Suping, Z. Yusheng, H. Gui, and L. Guzong, “Influence of high temperature superconducting transformer geometry on leakage magnetic field,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 492–496, Apr. 2008.
  21. V.Behjat, A. Vahedi, “Numerical modeling of transformers interturn faults and characterizing the faulty transformer behavior under various faults and operating conditions”, IET Electrical Power Application, pp 415-431, April 2011
  22. Yu-Sheng Quan, Jiang Shan, “Research on deformation of transformer windings based on the analysis of short circuit reactance”, IEEE national basic research program, 2011
  23. A. G. Kladas, M. P. Papadopoulos, and J. A. Tegopoulos, “Leakage flux and force calculation on power transformer windings under shortcircuit: 2D and 3D models based on the theory of images and the finite element method compared to measurements,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 30, no. 5, pt. 2, pp. 3487–3490, Sep. 1994.
  24. L. Xiaosong, W. Suping, Z. Yusheng, H. Gui, and L. Guzong, “Influence of high temperature superconducting transformer geometry on leakage magnetic field,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 492–496, Apr. 2008.
  25. M. Djurovic and C. J. Carpenter, “3-dimensional computation of transformer leakage fields and associated losses,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1535–1537, Sep. 1975.
  26. K. Zakrewski and M. Kukaniszyn, “Three-dimensional model of oneand three-phase transformer for leakage field calculation,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1344–1347, Mar. 1992.
  27. M. A. Tsili, A. G. Kladas, P. S. Georgilakis, A. T. Souflaris, and D. G. Paparigas, “Advanced design methodology for single and dual voltage wound core power transformers based on a particular finite element model,” Electric Power Syst. Res., vol. 76, pp. 729–741, 2006.
  28. O. Biro, “Computation of the flux linkage of windings from magnetic scalar potential finite element solutions,” Proc.Inst. Elect. Eng., Sci.Meas. Tech., vol. 149, no. 5, pp. 182–185, Sep. 2002.
  29. J. Rosenlind, H. Tavakoli and P. Hilber,” Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) in the Service of Reliability Analysis of Power Transformers”, CIGRE conference CMDM-151, 2011
  30. Masashi Kitayama, Miyuki Nakabayashi, “A New approach for inrush current discrimination based on transformer magnetizing characteristics”, PSCC, Session 42, Sevilla, June 2002
  31. Doble Engineering, “Transformer excitation current principles and diagnostics”, Section 7, DTT-PT2-2009
  32. Alberto Avalos Gonzalez, Jaime Cerda Jacobo, Servando Sanchez Ruíz, “Incipient fault detection in power transformers by frequency response analysis”, WCEC, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science Vol II, October 2012, San Francisco, USA
  33. Vazquez, D. C., Lopez, E. O., and Albores, R. M. Insulation Power Factor Measurement Options in Oil-Filled Power Transformers, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of Doble Clients, 1995
  34. K. Jong-Wook, P. ByungKoo, J. Seung, K. S. Woo, and P. PooGyeon, “Fault diagnosis of a power transformer using an improved frequency-response analysis,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no.1, pp. 169–178, 2005.
  35. S. A. Ryder, “Transformer diagnosis using frequency response analysis: results from fault simulations,” in Proc. IEEE Conf. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, July 2002, pp. 399–404.
  36. S. A. Ryder, “Diagnosing transformer faults using frequency response analysis,” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 19, no.2, pp. 16- 22, 2003.
  37. P. M. Nirgude, D. Ashokraju, A. D. Rajkumar, and B. P. Singh, “Application of numerical evaluation techniques for interpreting frequency response measurements in power transformers,” IET Sci. Meas. Technology, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 275–285, 2008.
  38. P. M. Joshi, S. V. Kulkarni,”Transformer winding diagnosis using deformation coefficient”, IEEE conference, 2008
  39. Huang, Sy-RuenR. Feng. Chia., Univ.,Taichung,Taiwan Chen, Hong-ai; Wu, Chueh-Cheng, Guan, Chau-Yu, Cheng, Chiang, “Distinguishing Internal Winding Faults From Inrush Currents in Power Transformers Using Jiles-Atherton Model Parameters Based on Correlation Coefficient”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,April2012);Vol:27, Issue: 2
  40. Kennedy G. M., McGrail A. J., Lapworth John, “Using cross correlation coefficients to analyze transformer sweep frequency response traces”, IEEE power engineering society conference and exposition in Africa, 2007
  41. J. R. Secue, and E. Mombello, “Sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) for the assessment of winding displacements and deformation in power transformers,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 78, no.6, pp. 1119-1128, 2008.
  42. J. Gui, W. Gao, K. Tan, and S. Gao, “Deformation analysis of transformer winding by structure parameter,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, paper no. P2-47, 2003.
  43. P. Karimifard, and G. B. Gharehpetian, “A new algorithm for localization of radial deformation and determination of deformation extent in transformer windings,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 78, no.10, pp. 1701-1711, 2008.
  44. R. Wimmer, S. Tenbohlen, M. Heindl, A. Kraetge, M. Krüger, and J. Christian, “Development of algorithms to assess the FRA,” in Proc. Int
  45. Symp. High Voltage Engineering, paper no. T7-523, 2007.
  46. E. Rahimpour, and D. Gorzin, “A new method for comparing the transfer function of transformers in order to detect the location and amount of winding faults,” Electrical Engineering, vol. 88, no.5, pp. 411-416, 2005.
  47. Ebrahim Rahimpour, Mehdi Jabbari, “Mathematical comparison methods to assess the transfer functions of transformers to detect different types of mechanical faults”, IEEE Trans. Power delivery, Vol. 25, No. 4, October 2010.
  48. M. Wang, A. J. Vandermaar, and K. D. Srivastara, “Evaluation of frequency response analysis data,” in Proc. Int. Symp. High Voltage Engineering, 2001, pp 904–907.
  49. Badgujar, K.P.; M.; Kulkarni, S.V, ”Alternative statistical techniques for aiding SFRA diagnostics in transformers”, Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET 2012
  50. S. Ab Ghani, Md Thayoob, Y.Z. Yang Ghazali, and I. Sutan Chairul, “Evaluation of transformer core and winding conditions from SFRA measurement results using statistical techniques for distribution transformers”PEOCO, IEEE International 2012
  51. S. K. Sahoo, and L. Satish, “Discriminating changes introduced in the model for the winding of a transformer based on measurements,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 77, no.7, pp. 851-858, 2007
  52. Shubhangi Patil, A. Venkatasami, H. A. Mangalwadekar,”Realization ofTransformer Winding Network from Sweep Frequency Response DataIEEE International conference of condition monitoring and diagnosis, Beijing, China 2008
  53. Shubhangi patil, Anbarasan. N, A. Venkatasami,”Equivalent circuit modeling technique for SFRA analysis of power transformer”, Trafotech 2010.
  54. Steven D. Mitchell, and James S. Welsh,” Modeling Power Transformers to Support the Interpretation of Frequency-Response Analysis”, IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 4, October 2011
  55. Ebrahim Rahimpour, Jochen Cristian, Hossein Mohseni, “Transfer function method for axial and redail deformation of transformer windings”, IEEE transactions on Power delivery, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2003
  56. Ebrahim Rahimpour,Mehdi Jabbari, and Stefan Tenbohlen, “Mathematical Comparison Methods to Assess Transfer Functions of Transformers to Detect Different Types of Mechanical Faults”, IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No. 4, October 2010.
  57. K. G. Nilanga B. Abeywickrama, Yuriy V. Serdyuk and StanislawM. Gubanski, “Exploring Possibilities for characterization of Power Transformer Insulation by Frequency Response Analysis (FRA)”, IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 3, July 2006
  58. Zongdong Wang, Jie Li, D. Sofian, ”Interpretation of Transformer FRA Responses Part I: Influence of Winding Structure”, IEEE Trans. Power delivery, Vol. 24, No. 2, April 2009.
  59. Zongdong Wang, Jie Li, D. Sofian, “Interpretation of Transformer FRA Responses Part I: Influence of Winding Structure”, IEEE Trans. Power delivery, Vol. 25, No. 4, October 2010.
  60. K. Ragavan, and L. Satish, “Localization of changes in a model winding based on terminal measurements: experimental study,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 22, no.3, pp. 1557-1565, 2007.
  61. CIGRE, F. Devax, J. Prins, Z. D. Wang, A. W. Darwin, ”Experience with HF modeling for electrical transients and its application to FRA modeling”, 2008
  62. H.Akcay, S.M.Islam and B.Ninness, “Identification of Power Transformer Models from Frequency Response Data”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol-48, No.3 pp 700-704, June 1999
  63. Moosa M.Al, Asma Ml “RLC Realization of Transfer Function”, Electrical Engg. dept. Kuwait University IEEE publications, 2003.
  64. T. Y. Ji. W. H. Tang, Q. H. Wu, “Frequency response analysis of power transformer winding deformation based on hybrid model”, IEEE transactions, Aug 2011
  65. CIGRE, R. J. Demer, L. Bolduc,”Detection of transformer winding displacement using FRSL”, 2000.
  66. CIGRE K. Feser, J. Christian, Sundarmann, “The transfer function method for detection of winding displacements on power transformers after transport, short circuit of 30 years of service”.2000.
  67. Belén García , Juan Carlos B. and Ángel Matías A.,” Transformer Tank Vibration Modeling as a Method of Detecting Winding Deformations — Part I: Experimental Verification,” IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2006
  68. Tony McGrail, “SFRA Basic concepts”, Doble 2003
  69. Andrey A. R. and Valery D.,” Case Studies of Factors Influencing Frequency Response Analysis Measurements and Power Transformer Diagnostics”, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2011
  70. Ramesh Yadav, Shubhangi Patil, ”Sweep Frequency Response Analysis as a technique to diagnose the physical condition of transformers”, Doble international conference, 2007
  71. Nilanga A., Yuriy V. Serdyuk, and Stanislaw M. Gubanski,” Effect of Core Magnetization on FRA of Power Transformers IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 3, July 2008
  72. Shubhangi Patil, Kirankumar Munji, “Fault diagnosis of OLTC through SFRA and Routine tests”, IEEE international conference of condition monitoring and diagnosis, Beijing, China 2010
  73. Shubhangi Patil, A. Venkatasami, “SFRA Analysis using Transformer Equivalent Circuit Modeling Technique”, IEEE international conference of condition monitoring and diagnosis, Beijing, China 2010
  74. Shubhangi Patil and Sushil Chaudhari, “An attempt to investigate the transformer failure by using DGA and SFRA analysis”, ICPADM, 2013
  75. Shubhangi Patil1, Athikkan Venkatasami,”An Effective Transformer Condition Assessment using SFRA”, International Conference on Condition Monitoring & Diagnostic Engineering Management of Power Station/Substation Equipment” CPRI, January 2009 Bangalore, India
  76. Victor Sokolov, Boris Vanin, “Experience with detection and identification of winding buckling in power transformers”, ZTZ Company, BuinoMak group publications, 2002
  77. Hikki Koivo, “Neural Network basics using MATLAB neural network toolbox”, MATLAB 2008
  78. Mark Hudson Beale, Martin T. Hagan, Howard B. Demuth“Neural Netwotk toolbox-starting guide”, MATLAB 2012
  79. Andriana R. Garcez Castro, Vladimiro Miranda, “Transformer fault diagnosis based on autoassociative neural networks”, Technical conference, Portugal University, 2009
  80. Msiza, I.S.; Szewczyk, M.; Halinka, A.; Pretorius, “Neural networks on transformer fault detection evaluating the relevance of the input space parameters “, Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2011 IEEE/PES.
  81. Guide for the Application and interpretation of SFRA for oil immersed Transformers, IEEE C57.149 (Draft copy-Not yet published)
  82. Power Transformers – Part 18: Measurement of Sweep Frequency Analysis (SFRA),IEC 60076-18, 2009.