Optimization of Ambient Energy Component in Large Mixed Mode Central AC Plants

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Mar 17, 2015
Download
PDF
Statistic

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2015

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Siddhartha Bhatt M.

Abstract

This paper presents the study of energy efficiency improvements of central air conditioners (AC) through the optimal integration of natural air ventilation functions. There is potential for energy saving through the shifting to mixed mode air conditioning invoking the ambient energy for cooling. An optimization study shows that up to an ambient temperature of 22˚C, passive cooling can be used and beyond that temperature active cooling is required. Simulation of energy consumption for air condition has been undertaken in 5 major cities of India, viz., Bengaluru, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The energy efficiency specified as per ECBC (energy conservation building code of India) is 80-90 kWh/m>sup<2>/supfor AC and can only be reduced through passive cooling components. Results indicate that it is possible to reduce the energy consumption by almost 50% through the use of natural air ventilation cooling.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
M., S. B. (2015). Optimization of Ambient Energy Component in Large Mixed Mode Central AC Plants. Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, 177–188. Retrieved from https://node6473.myfcloud.com/~geosocin/CPRI/index.php/pr/article/view/758

References

  1. D Kolokotsa, D Rovas, E Kosmatopoulos and K Kalaitzakis, A roadmap towards intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings, Solar Energy Vol. 85(12), pp: 3067-3084, 2011.
  2. D H W Li, L Yang and J C Lam, Zero energy buildings and sustainable development implications – A review, Energy (under print), 2013
  3. S Attia, M Hamdy, W O’Brien and S Carlucci, Assessing gaps and needs for integrating building performance optimization tools in net zero energy buildings design, Energy and Buildings Vol. 60, pp: 110-124, 2013.
  4. M Indraganti, Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated apartments in summer, Findings from a field study in Hyderabad, India, Applied Energy Vol. 87(3), pp: 866-883, 2010.
  5. AT González, MA Chicote, EV Gómez and FJR Martínez, Influence of constructive parameters on the performance of two indirect evaporative cooler prototypes. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 51 (1–2), pp: 1017-1025, 2013.
  6. H Bulut and M A Aktacir, Determination of free cooling potential, A case study for İstanbul, Turkey, Applied Energy, Vol. 88(3), pp:680-689, 2011.
  7. H C Spindler and L K Norford, Naturally ventilated and mixed-mode buildings-Part I, Building and Environment, Vol. 44(4), pp: 736-749, 2009.
  8. HC Spindler and LK Norford, Naturally ventilated and mixed-mode buildingsPart II, Optimal control, Building and Environment, Vol. 44(4), pp: 750-761, 2009.
  9. R Tenorio, Enabling the hybrid use of air conditioning: A prototype on sustainable housing in tropical regions,Building and Environment, Vol. 42(2), pp: 605-613, 2007.
  10. P Karava, A K Athienitis, T Stathopoulos and E Mouriki, Experimental study of the thermal performance of a large institutional building with mixed-mode cooling and hybrid ventilation, Building and Environment, Vol. 57, pp: 313-326,2012.
  11. C Y H Chao and J S Hu, Development of a dual-mode demand control ventilation strategy for indoor air quality control and energy saving,Building and Environment Vol. 39(4), pp: 385-397, 2004.
  12. M P Deuble and R J Dear, Mixed-mode buildings: A double standard in occupants’ comfort expectations, Building and Environment Vol. 54, pp: 53-60, 2012.
  13. M A Humphreys, H B Rijal and J F Nicol, Updating the adaptive relation between climate and comfort indoors; new insights and an extended database, Building and Environment, Vol. 63, pp: 40-55, 2013.
  14. Y Ji, KJ Lomas and MJ Cook, Hybrid ventilation for low energy building design in south China, Building and Environment, Vol. 44(11), pp: 2245-2255, 2009.
  15. Z Zhai, M H Johnson and M Krarti, Assessment of natural and hybrid ventilation models in whole-building energy simulations, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43(9), pp: 2251-2261, 2011.
  16. P S Lee and A L Dexter, A fuzzy sensor for measuring the mixed-mode temperature in air-handling units, Measurement, Vol. 37(1), pp: 83-93, 2005.
  17. P M Ostendorp, G P Henze, C D Corbin, B Rajagopalan and C Felsmann, Modelpredictive control of mixed-mode buildings with rule extraction, Building and Environment, Vol. 46(2), pp: 428-437, 2011.
  18. K J Chua, S K Chou, W M Yang and J Yan, Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning – A review of technologies and strategies, Applied Energy, Vol. 104, pp: 87104, 2013.
  19. E Halawa and J V Hoof, The adaptive approach to thermal comfort: A critical overview, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 51, pp: 101-110, 2012.
  20. T T Chow, J A Clarke and A Dunn, Primitive parts: an approach to air conditioning component modeling, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 26(2), pp:165-173, 1997.
  21. YM Xuan, F Xiao, XF Niu, X Huang and SW Wang, Research and applications of evaporative cooling in China: A review (II)Systems and equipment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16(5), pp: 3523-3534, 2012.
  22. OH Kwon, M H Kim, A S Choi and J W Jeong, Energy saving potential of a hybrid ventilation system integrated with heat storage material, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 57, pp: 346-353, 2013.
  23. FZ Chafi and S Halle, Three dimensional study for evaluating of air flow movements and thermal comfort in a model room: Experimental validation, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43(9), pp: 2156-2166, 2011.
  24. F Chen, H Chen, J Xie, Z Shu and J Mao, Air distribution in room ventilated by fabric air dispersion, system. Building and Environment, Vol. 46(11), pp: 2121-2129, 2011.
  25. Q Chen and JVD Kooi, A methodology for indoor air flow computations and energy analysis for a displacement ventilation system,Energy and Buildings, Vol. 14(4), pp: 259-271, 1990.
  26. S H Ho, L Rosario and M M Rahman, Comparison of underfloor and overhead air distribution systems in an office environment, Building and Environment, Vol. 46(7), pp: 1415-1427, 2011.
  27. S J Rees and P Haves, An experimental study of air flow and temperature distribution in a room with displacement ventilation and a chilled ceiling,Building and Environment, Vol. 59, pp: 358-368, 2013.
  28. S Schiavon, KH Lee, F Bauman and T Webster, Simplified calculation method for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43(2–3), pp: 517-528, 2011.
  29. M Williams, Fresh-air climate conditioning at the Arthur M, Sackler Museum, International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship, Vol. 5(4), pp: 328-336, 1986.
  30. K Zhong, S Chen, Y Kang and L Yuan, Analysis of outdoor temperature ranges for in commercial buildings of China,Energy and Buildings, Vol. 55, pp: 174-182, 2012.
  31. S Ginestet and D Marchio, Control tuning of a simplified VAV system: Methodology and impact on energy consumption and IAQ, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42(8), pp: 1205-1214, 2010.
  32. F J Offermann and D I Hout, Ventilation effectiveness measurements of three supply / return air configurations, Environment International, Vol. 15(1–6), pp: 585-592, 1989.
  33. C Wu and N A Ahmed, Application of Flow Control Techniques for Indoor Ventilation, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 49, pp: 135-141, 2012.
  34. J Qin and S Wang, A fault detection and diagnosis strategy of VAV air conditioning systems for improved energy and control performances, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37(10), pp: 1035-1048, 2005.
  35. M Najafi, D M Auslander, P L Bartlett, P Haves and M D Sohn, Application of machine learning in the fault diagnostics of air handling units, Applied Energy, Vol. 96, pp: 347-358, 2012.
  36. L Fornera, A S Glass, P Gruber and J Todtli, Qualitative fault detection based on logical programming applied to a variable air volume air-handling unit, Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 4(1), pp: 105116,1996.
  37. G Jahedi and M M Ardehali, Wavelet based artificial neural network applied for energy efficiency enhancement of decoupled HVAC system, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 54(1), pp: 47-56, 2012.
  38. K V Ling and A L Dexter, Expert control of air conditioning plant, Automatica, Vol. 30(5), pp: 761-773, 1994.
  39. LP Lombard, J Ortiz and IR Maestre,The map of energy flow in HVAC systems, Applied Energy, Vol. 88(12), pp: 50205031, 2011.
  40. R Parameshwaran, R Karunakaran, C V Rajakumar and S Iniyan, Energy conservative building air conditioning system controlled and optimized using fuzzy-genetic algorithm, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42(5), pp: 745-762, 2010.
  41. RTC Thomson, Effects and economics of capacity control in air conditioning, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol.3(6), pp: 331-340, 1980.
  42. M Mossolly, K Ghali and N Ghaddar Optimal control strategy for a multi-zone air conditioning system using a genetic algorithm, Energy, Vol. 34(1), pp: 58-66, 2009.
  43. G Jahedi and M M Ardehali, A new zone temperature predictive modeling for energy saving in buildings, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 49, pp:142-151, 2012.
  44. M S Bhatt, Energy audit case studies II- air conditioning (cooling) systems, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 20, pp: 297-307, 2000.
  45. http://www.beeindia.in/schemes/documents/ecbc/eco3/ecbc/ECBC-UserGuide(Public).pdf