Optimization of ARC Erosion Resistance of Silver Tin Oxide Electrical Contacts Prepared using the Electroless Route
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
The use of cadmium and cadmium oxide containing contact materials has been strongly discouraged in most parts of the world in view of the toxicity of these materials and resultant environmental and health hazards. Tin oxide has emerged as a substitute material in place of cadmium oxide as the major modern silver-metal oxide contact system for industrial application. The traditional methods of synthesis of silver-cadmium oxide composite contacts (namely internal oxidation and powder metallurgy route of co-precipitation) have been found to be unsuitable for production of silver-tin oxide contact material mainly because of incompatibility of existing compounds of tin metal that are water soluble and which can be used for co-precipitation with silver salt such as silver nitrate as well as the very slow rates of internal oxidation of tin in silver-tin oxide system as compared to that of cadmium in silver-cadmium oxide system. For synthesis of silver-tin oxide powders, a novel method based on electroless coating, has been developed. In the present work, an optimization study has been undertaken for improving the arc erosion characteristics of silver tin oxide contacts, prepared using the novel electroless route with additions of a tertiary stabilizing tungsten oxide dopant. The work has been undertaken in a Statistical Factorial Design of Experiment (SDOE) setting using the one way ANOVA technique.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Godkhindi, S. S., Grewal, G. S., Joshi, P. B., Ramamoorty, M., & Buch, N. J. (2009). Optimization of ARC Erosion Resistance of Silver Tin Oxide Electrical Contacts Prepared using the Electroless Route. Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, 5(2), 19–24. Retrieved from https://node6473.myfcloud.com/~geosocin/CPRI/index.php/pr/article/view/692
References
- Joshi P B and Ramakrishnan P. "Materials for electrical and electronic contacts - processing, properties and applications," Science Publishers Inc., USA, (2004).
- Behrens N, Bohm W, Braumann P and Kleoo G. "Experiences with the contact material Ag/SnO2", Proc. of Holm conf. on electrical contacts", (1984), pp. 185-191.
- Verma A and Anantharaman T R. "Processing and properties of internally oxidized silver-tin oxide electrical contact materials without additives", Metals, Materials and Processes, Vol. 6, No. 2, (1994), p. 125.
- Chang H, Pitt C H and Alexander G B. "Novel method for preparation of silvertin oxide electrical contacts", J. of Matls. Engg. And Performance, Vol. 1(2), (1992), p. 255.
- Poniatowski M, Schulz E and Wirths A. "The replacement of silver-cadmium oxide by silver-tin oxide in low voltage switching devices", Proc. of Holm Conf. on Electrical Contacts (1976), p. 359.
- Wingert P C and Leung C H. "The development of silver-based cadmium-free contact materials," Proc. of Holm Conf. on Electrical Contacts, Vol. 12, No. 1, march 1988, p. 31.
- Shibata A. "Silver metal oxide contact material by internal oxidation process" Proc. 71CECP, Paris 1974, pp. 749-754.
- Yamasaki H, Oda S, et al., "Sintered silver tin oxide materials for electrical contacts" Proc. 10 ICECP, Budapest 1980, pp. 799-808.
- Jeannot D, Pinard J, Ramoni P and EM Jost "Physical and chemical properties of metal oxide addition to silver tin-oxide contact materials and prediction of electrical performance." IEEE transaction on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Part A, Vol. 17, No. 1, March 1994, pp. 17-23.
- Wingert P C and Chi-Hung Leung "The development of silver based cadmium free contact material" IEEE Transaction on Components, Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 1989, pp. 16-20.
- Gengenbach G and Michal R. "Erosion characteristics of silver based contact material in a DC contactor." Electrical contacts 1984, pp. 201-207.
- Behrens N and Bohm W. "Switching performance of different silver tin oxide contact materials made by powder metallurgy", Proc 11th ICECP, Berlin 1982, pp. 203-207.
- Gangenbach B, Mayer U, Michal R, et al., "Investigation on switching behavior of silver tin oxide material in commercial contactor"; Proc. 13, Holm conf. Electrical contact, Chicago 1984, pp. 243-247.
- Michal R and Saeger K E. "Application of silver based contact materials in air break switching devices for power engineering" Proc. of 34th IEEE Holm conference of electrical contacts 1988, pp. 121-127.
- Hetzmannseder E and Rieder W F. "The influence of bounce parameters on the make erosion of silver/metal oxide contact materials" IEEE Transaction on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Part A Vol. 17, No. 1, March-1994, pp. 9-15.
- Yuan Shou Shen, Lawrence "Erosion modes of internally oxidizes Ag-CdO and Ag (Sn, In) O material. IEEE Transaction on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Part A, 1987, pp. 157-161.
- Herz K and Sauter E. "Erosion, welding and contact resistant characterizes of several powder metallurgical, silver contact material. IEEE Transaction on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Part A, 1984, pp. 215-221.
- Gengenbach, Jager K W, Mayer U, et al., "Mechanism of arc erosion on silver tin oxide contact materials" Proc. 11 ICECP Berlin 1982, pp. 208-211.