Comparison of Tracing Based Real Power Transmission Loss Allocation Methods in Deregulated Power System

Abstract

This paper compares the transmission loss allocation procedures through tracing using proportional sharing rule and provides a detailed comparison of three alternative methods: 1) Graph based tracing 2) Matrix based tracing and 3) Complex power flow tracing. The methods are based on tracing the real and reactive power flow through the network and determining the share of each load on the flow and losses through each line. Power flows of generators and loads are traced to determine the transmission system usage by each generator and load. Then transmission losses caused by each generator or load are determined. Unbundling, (electric energy can be separated commercially as a product from transmission as a service) an idea, which the current deregulation market hinges on is carried out and considers the coupling between active and reactive power flows as well as the cross effects of active and reactive power on active and reactive losses. Tracing algorithms which can be considered direct to a good extent are implemented for these three methods. A case study based on a four bus system is provided and results obtained using MATLAB code is presented.