Review on Effective Lightning Protection for Wind Turbine Generators

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Ashok Kumar L.

Abstract

A wind turbine generator is the most exposed of all types of generators connected to electric utility systems. Wind turbines are most often erected in hostile lightning environments. Lightning damage to wind turbines is costly in terms of repair and replacement of equipment. Lightning damage is the single largest cause of unplanned downtime in wind turbines, and that downtime is responsible for the loss of countless megawatts of power generation. There is currently no international standard governing wind turbine lightning protection. This paper is a review on the available guidelines for effective protection.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
L., A. K. (2013). Review on Effective Lightning Protection for Wind Turbine Generators. Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, 9(1), 45–52. Retrieved from https://node6473.myfcloud.com/~geosocin/CPRI/index.php/pr/article/view/587

References

  1. Dodd C, McCalla T and Smith J G. “How to protect a wind turbine from lightning,” Nat. Aeronautics Space Admin., DOE/NASA 0007-1, NASA-CR-168229, September 1983.
  2. McNiff B. “Wind turbine lightning protection project 1999–2001, Nat. Renewable Energy Lab., U.S. Dept. Energy, Golden, CO.
  3. Durstewitz M, Ensslin C, Hoppe-Kilpper M and Rohrig K. “External conditions for wind turbine operation—Results from the German “250 MW wind programme”, presented at the Eur. Union Wind Energy Conf., May 1996.
  4. Sullivan D. “Wind in the Silos,” New Farm Mag., Jun. 10, 2004.
  5. A] Cotton I, McNiff B, Soerenson T, Zischank W, Christiansen P, Hoppe-Kilpper M, Ramakers S, Petterson P and Muljadi E. “Lightning protection for wind turbines,” presented at the Int. Conf. Lightning Protect, 2000.
  6. Cotton I, Jenkins N and Pandiaraj K. “Lightning protection for wind-turbine blades and bearings,” Eur. Commission Contract JOR3-CT95-0052.
  7. Surtees A J, Martzloff F D and Rousseau A. “Grounding for surge protective devices,” presented at the PES 2006 Gen. Meeting, Montreal, July 2006.
  8. Jenkins N and Cotton I. “Lightning protection of wind turbines: Further work,” Eur. Commission, Contract JOR3-CT98-0241, to be published.
  9. Uman M A and Rakov V A. “A critical review of non-conventional approaches to lightning protection,” Am. Meteoro l. Soc. J, pp. 1809, December 2002.
  10. “Data sheet no. 1, French Lightning Protect. Assoc.,” December 2000.
  11. British wind energy association, best practice guidelines for wind energy health and safety, pp. 52, April 2005.
  12. IEC, “Wind turbine generator systems—Part 24: Lightning protection,” TR61400-24, Ed.1.0 en: 2002.
  13. IEEE, “Recommended practice on characterization of surges in low voltage (1000 V and less) AC power circuits,” C62.41.2TM-2002, pp. 32.
  14. Glushakow B. “Effective lightning protection for wind turbine generators”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, No. 1, March 2007.